This article posts the new AMS fourteen C schedules out-of thirteen ponies in the past allotted to brand new Migration period, plus the osteometric investigation and you can period of horses located for the Lithuanian cemeteries of one’s 3rd–14th C Post, more than 2 hundred people as a whole. The study results remedied the present chronology of your own burials, therefore the osteometric analysis allowed yet another investigations regarding if the horses in the Migration period really are exceptional in dimensions inside the new context away from Lithuanian ponies about third to 14th C Advertising. This new plentiful analysis as well as welcome a review of one’s development of the size and you can age the new horses inside the Lithuania between your 3rd and you will 14th C Offer.
2.step one. Zooarchaeological Study
Almost eight hundred pony skeletal stays found in Lithuanian burial websites from the next–14th C Ad was basically reviewed ( Profile step 1 ); not, due to poor conservation, simply over two hundred everyone was suitable for after that size and you will years studies. The new burial sites were split into three chronological communities. A total of 21 people from 6 burial sites was indeed assigned towards the Late Roman–post-Migration period (3rd–7th C Advertising); 13 ponies out of this several months was basically yourself AMS fourteen C-dated. These people were anyone chose toward 87 Sr/ 86 Sr study, the results from which try had written within the a separate guide . To help you separate between ponies (Equus caballus), donkeys (Equus asinus), and mules, the brand new methodology revealed by the Johnstone is followed.
Place off sites said throughout the text: 1-Paduobe-Saltaliune III, 2-Pagrybis, 3-Pavajuonis-Rekuciai, 4-Plinkaigalis, 5-Taurapilis, 6-Marvele, 7-Degsne-Labotiskes, 8-Jaksiskis, 9-Kretuonai, 10-Salakas, 11-Varliskes, 12-Obeliai, 13-Pakalniskiai, 14-Masteikiai, 15-Kernave, 16-Memelburg (Klaipeda), 17-Vilnius.
A lot of them, except for seven individuals, was indeed found in the Marvele burial web site inside central Lithuania. Review of archaeological context together with grave goods allows to develop dating of a few of burials into the 12th C Post. For this reason, the San Antonio dating ideas official end of one’s Viking several months (1066) hasn’t been taken into account, both of the calculate dating of those burial internet sites and you can from the historical and you can archaeological framework: no major break in the real history out of Lithuania till the institution of one’s state about 13th C Offer is observed.
Ponies out-of three burial websites dating back to the thirteen–14th C Advertisement was indeed assigned to the latest medieval months. In this instance, a few of the burials may actually go out on the 12th C Offer however they are tough to differentiate from the later on of them. The new medieval horse category also incorporated skeleton out of horses from several castles and something city of new thirteen–14th C Offer: 25 metatarsals and you will metacarpals was in fact selected off Kernave medieval area, 9 on Vilnius Down castle, and you can 8 out of Memelburg, this new palace of the Teutonic Order, present-time Klaipeda. You will find included horses regarding settlement sites so you’re able to promote while the mission a picture of gothic ponies as possible, established just to your folks from typical burial sites however, along with out of contexts about the greater personal strata (Vilnius, Kernave) and also the Purchase. In total, the fresh new stays of ninety five individuals were checked-out from the medieval period. During this research, skeletal stays of all Lithuanian horses recognized to brand new people from 3rd–14th C Post burial internet sites were examined.
dos. Procedure and methods
A few of the pony skeletons had been badly maintained and you can not the right getting osteometric data, and so the amount of people varied with respect to examination of what their age is and you can height. The age of the fresh ponies are estimated of the enamel emergence , don of your own incisors, therefore the peak of your own premolars and you can molars . Combination time of the epiphyses was also employed for age research. Withers peak was projected off long limbs proportions utilizing the corrected coefficients away from Kiesewalter [34,35]. Ponies have been classified based on Brauner’s metacarpal and you can metatarsal slenderness directory category . Dimensions considering von den Driesh were made having fun with an enthusiastic osteometric panel and you will an electronic caliper which have an accuracy off 0.01 cm. Pony skeletons were sexed in line with the exposure off canine teeth inside male horses over 4–five years of age. However, in many cases, intercourse of your animal cannot be calculated due to lost bones. Long limbs specifications, sex, additionally the chronilogical age of each person are given within the Dining tables S1–S4. To check getting benefit, we made use of an excellent t-decide to try. Reviewed horses’ remains is actually kept in the latest Zooarchaeological Data source regarding Vilnius College, Professors of the past. Horse of Varliskes try kept in Kernave Art gallery, and you will horse skeletons out-of Paduobe-Saltaliune III and you can Salakas are stored in Federal Art gallery regarding Lithuania.
